Astronomy Answers: Planetary Phenomena 1978

Astronomy Answers
Planetary Phenomena 1978


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\(\def\|{&}\DeclareMathOperator{\D}{\bigtriangleup\!} \DeclareMathOperator{\d}{\text{d}\!}\)

The diagram below is explained further on the page for the year 2000.

1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085 2086 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105

[1978] [Q 1978]

For an explanation of the above pictures, see the page for the year 2000.

The last table on this page lists a number of noteworthy planetary phenomena during the listed year. The first column ("date") gives the date and hour, in the form year-month-dayThour in the Gregorian calendar, in Universal Time (UT). The second column ("pl") identifies the planet that shows the phenomenon:

pl Planet
Me Mercury
Ve Venus
Ma Mars
Ju Jupiter
Sa Saturn
Ur Uranus
Ne Neptune
Lu Moon

The third column ("*") provides the type of the phenomenon. The fourth column ("AU") shows the value (distance) in Astronomical Units, if applicable. The fifth column ("deg") gives the value of a relevant angle (declination \( δ \), elongation \( E \), conjunction spread \( σ \), or ecliptic longitude \( λ \)) in degrees. Which angle it is for each phenomenon is shown below in column "?". Declinations and ecliptical longitudes are measured relative to the equinox of the date.

 ?  
Explanation
p perigee
a apogee
+dδgreatest northern declination
dδgreatest southern declination
cλconjunction (with the Sun)
oλopposition (relative to the Sun)
eEgreatest elongation
xaλpassage through the ascending node (zero ecliptical latitude)
xdλpassage through the descending node (zero ecliptical latitude)
bσleast conjunction spread (Mercury - Saturn)
Bσleast conjunction spread (Mercury - Neptune)
sσgreatest conjunction spread (Mercury - Saturn)
Sσgreatest conjunction spread (Mercury - Neptune)
Vλbegin eastward (prograde) acceleration
Pgλstationary point: begin eastward (prograde) motion
vλbegin westward (retrograde) acceleration
Rgλstationary point: begin westward (retrograde) motion

The calculations for the planets are based on the VSOP87 model (type A) of Laskar, and the calculations for the Moon are based on the most detailed model from [Meeus]. One position per day was calculated for each celestial object. The hour of the day for each phenomenon was determined by interpolation.

date pl * AU deg
1978-01-01T21 Lu xa +190.33
1978-01-02T12
** 
B +140.25
1978-01-04T11 Ve v +280.16
1978-01-07T06 Lu d −18.53
1978-01-08T00 Lu p 0.002390
1978-01-08T01 Lu v +279.11
1978-01-08T16 Lu c +288.54
1978-01-11T01 Me e −23.41
1978-01-14T07 Lu xd +9.07
1978-01-17T01
** 
S +223.69
1978-01-18T15 Ma p 0.6532
1978-01-19T22 Lu V +77.34
1978-01-20T10 Ma V +122.05
1978-01-20T15 Lu a 0.002715
1978-01-20T19 Lu +d +18.48
1978-01-21T12 Ma o +121.61
1978-01-21T17 Me xa +280.52
1978-01-22T00 Ve o +302.18
1978-01-23T06 Me d −23.05
1978-01-23T19 Lu o +124.00
1978-01-24T05 Ve a 1.712
1978-01-27T07
** 
s +223.27
1978-01-28T21 Lu xa +187.44
1978-01-29T15
** 
B +176.20
1978-02-03T17 Lu d −18.39
1978-02-05T09 Lu p 0.002415
1978-02-05T09 Lu v +292.87
1978-02-07T02 Lu c +318.51
1978-02-10T12 Lu xd +6.68
1978-02-12T21
** 
S +293.14
1978-02-15T10 Sa V +147.15
1978-02-15T11 Sa p 8.237
1978-02-15T15 Sa o +147.13
1978-02-16T21 Lu V +85.14
1978-02-17T03 Lu +d +18.31
1978-02-17T06 Lu a 0.002708
1978-02-17T12 Ma +d +25.45
1978-02-18T05 Ur d −16.36
1978-02-19T00 Ur Rg +226.41
1978-02-19T01 Me a 1.391
1978-02-19T12 Ju Pg +86.07
1978-02-22T13 Lu o +154.05
1978-02-23T08
** 
B +223.25
1978-02-25T01 Lu xa +186.04
1978-02-27T00 Me o +338.87
1978-03-01T21 Ma Pg +112.28
1978-03-03T01 Lu d −18.24
1978-03-04T09
** 
S +265.60
1978-03-05T04 Lu p 0.002452
1978-03-05T04 Lu v +299.47
1978-03-05T11 Ne d −21.48
1978-03-06T13 Me v +353.33
1978-03-08T14 Lu c +308.78
1978-03-09T21 Lu xd +5.87
1978-03-12T09 Me xd +4.54
1978-03-16T11 Lu +d +18.20
1978-03-17T00 Lu V +94.58
1978-03-17T02 Lu a 0.002703
1978-03-19T03
** 
B +183.08
1978-03-20T03 Ne Rg +258.32
1978-03-24T00 Me e +18.53
1978-03-24T04 Lu o +183.68
1978-03-24T08 Lu xa +185.90
1978-03-30T06 Lu d −18.19
1978-03-30T14 Lu v +273.32
1978-03-30T17 Lu p 0.002473
1978-03-31T01
** 
S +248.62
1978-04-01T04 Me Rg +26.13
1978-04-01T13 Me +d +13.15
1978-04-06T06 Lu xd +5.92
1978-04-07T03 Lu c +17.47
1978-04-09T16 Ju xd +89.75
1978-04-10T11
** 
b +97.01
1978-04-11T04 Me c +21.44
1978-04-12T01 Me V +20.80
1978-04-12T19 Lu +d +18.22
1978-04-13T22 Lu a 0.002703
1978-04-14T02 Lu V +103.74
1978-04-14T13 Me p 0.5765
1978-04-14T19
** 
B +163.83
1978-04-16T05 Ve xd +47.02
1978-04-18T04
** 
s +97.32
1978-04-19T17 Me xa +15.93
1978-04-20T17 Lu xa +185.83
1978-04-20T19 Ju +d +23.45
1978-04-22T16 Lu o +212.63
1978-04-22T19 Sa +d +15.08
1978-04-24T18 Me Pg +14.86
1978-04-24T23 Sa Pg +143.65
1978-04-25T18 Lu v +257.54
1978-04-25T20 Lu p 0.002446
1978-04-26T13 Lu d −18.27
1978-04-28T07
** 
S +228.48
1978-04-29T15 Me d +4.18
1978-05-03T12 Lu xd +5.50
1978-05-04T17 Ur o +224.39
1978-05-04T20 Ur V +224.38
1978-05-05T00 Ur p 17.62
1978-05-06T16 Lu c +46.31
1978-05-09T01 Me e −26.21
1978-05-10T04 Lu +d +18.33
1978-05-11T15 Lu a 0.002709
1978-05-12T03 Lu V +111.99
1978-05-14T13
** 
B +145.94
1978-05-18T00 Lu xa +184.66
1978-05-22T01 Lu o +241.07
1978-05-23T16 Lu v +265.26
1978-05-23T17 Lu p 0.002413
1978-05-23T21 Lu d −18.38
1978-05-24T07 Ve +d +24.95
1978-05-26T09
** 
S +188.02
1978-05-30T14 Lu xd +3.77
1978-06-05T07 Lu c +74.73
1978-06-06T12 Lu +d +18.43
1978-06-07T11 Ne V +256.94
1978-06-07T13 Ne o +256.94
1978-06-08T00 Ne p 29.27
1978-06-08T05 Lu a 0.002715
1978-06-08T08 Me xd +70.83
1978-06-08T21 Lu V +117.88
1978-06-12T12
** 
B +115.27
1978-06-13T15 Me v +82.29
1978-06-14T00 Me o +83.10
1978-06-14T04 Lu xa +182.13
1978-06-14T08 Me a 1.323
1978-06-19T15 Me +d +24.95
1978-06-20T08 Lu o +269.15
1978-06-20T09 Lu d −18.44
1978-06-20T22 Lu v +277.86
1978-06-20T23 Lu p 0.002391
1978-06-24T03
** 
S +150.81
1978-06-26T15 Lu xd +1.01
1978-07-03T19 Lu +d +18.44
1978-07-04T21 Lu c +103.01
1978-07-05T11 Lu a 0.002718
1978-07-06T01 Lu V +116.86
1978-07-07T09
** 
b +38.59
1978-07-08T05 Ju v +107.45
1978-07-09T22 Ju c +107.83
1978-07-10T15
** 
B +91.33
1978-07-11T06 Lu xa +179.28
1978-07-11T13 Ju a 6.224
1978-07-16T16 Me xa +140.63
1978-07-17T20 Lu d −18.38
1978-07-19T01 Ur +d −15.18
1978-07-19T06 Lu v +291.74
1978-07-19T09 Lu p 0.002387
1978-07-19T15 Lu o +297.05
1978-07-20T19 Ur Pg +222.32
1978-07-21T09 Me e +26.90
1978-07-23T03
** 
S +133.72
1978-07-23T19 Lu xd +358.37
1978-07-31T02 Lu +d +18.34
1978-08-01T12 Lu V +107.48
1978-08-01T15 Lu a 0.002717
1978-08-03T13 Lu c +131.32
1978-08-04T10 Me Rg +153.01
1978-08-05T18 Ve xa +178.00
1978-08-07T08 Lu xa +177.30
1978-08-07T10
** 
B +82.82
1978-08-08T10 Me d +6.52
1978-08-12T03 Ne +d −21.21
1978-08-14T07 Lu d −18.26
1978-08-15T02 Me p 0.6078
1978-08-16T15 Lu v +305.79
1978-08-16T18 Lu p 0.002401
1978-08-17T11 Me V +146.24
1978-08-17T22 Lu o +325.13
1978-08-18T08 Me c +145.52
1978-08-20T02 Lu xd +356.95
1978-08-20T13
** 
S +132.72
1978-08-27T02 Sa c +153.98
1978-08-27T08 Sa a 10.29
1978-08-27T08 Ne Pg +255.55
1978-08-27T09 Lu +d +18.21
1978-08-27T11 Sa v +154.03
1978-08-28T03 Me Pg +140.34
1978-08-28T18 Ve e +46.08
1978-08-28T21 Lu V +108.68
1978-08-29T01 Lu a 0.002711
1978-09-02T04 Lu c +159.83
1978-09-02T22 Me +d +13.62
1978-09-03T12 Lu xa +176.71
1978-09-04T08 Me xd +143.89
1978-09-04T09 Me e −18.06
1978-09-04T11
** 
B +85.72
1978-09-10T14 Lu d −18.17
1978-09-13T19 Lu v +317.28
1978-09-13T21 Lu p 0.002431
1978-09-16T05 Ma xa +207.91
1978-09-16T07 Lu o +353.53
1978-09-16T12 Lu xd +356.74
1978-09-17T14
** 
S +130.35
1978-09-20T22 Me v +170.27
1978-09-23T17 Lu +d +18.17
1978-09-25T17 Lu a 0.002705
1978-09-25T18 Lu V +115.04
1978-09-29T23 Me o +186.87
1978-09-30T20 Lu xa +176.80
1978-10-01T18 Lu c +188.73
1978-10-02T21
** 
B +79.58
1978-10-07T18 Me a 1.418
1978-10-07T20 Lu d −18.19
1978-10-10T23 Lu v +315.39
1978-10-11T03 Lu p 0.002465
1978-10-12T15 Me xa +208.28
1978-10-13T21 Lu xd +356.68
1978-10-15T18 Lu o +22.51
1978-10-16T08
** 
S +128.22
1978-10-17T15 Ve Rg +232.81
1978-10-18T11 Ve d −25.00
1978-10-21T02 Lu +d +18.24
1978-10-23T13 Lu a 0.002703
1978-10-23T18 Lu V +123.25
1978-10-28T03 Lu xa +176.29
1978-10-30T22
** 
B +82.26
1978-10-31T08 Lu c +218.04
1978-11-04T02 Lu d −18.32
1978-11-04T09 Lu v +275.46
1978-11-04T23 Lu p 0.002467
1978-11-07T09 Ve c +225.13
1978-11-07T15 Ve V +224.98
1978-11-08T03 Ve p 0.2690
1978-11-08T15 Ur v +226.71
1978-11-08T16 Ur a 19.65
1978-11-08T23 Ur c +226.73
1978-11-10T02 Lu xd +355.61
1978-11-13T14
** 
S +134.48
1978-11-14T08 Lu o +52.11
1978-11-15T15 Me e +22.43
1978-11-17T11 Lu +d +18.40
1978-11-18T19 Me d −25.45
1978-11-20T09 Lu a 0.002705
1978-11-20T20 Lu V +131.97
1978-11-21T15 Ju d +18.44
1978-11-24T09 Lu xa +174.30
1978-11-25T07 Ju Rg +129.06
1978-11-25T09 Me Rg +261.63
1978-11-26T21 Ve xd +217.37
1978-11-27T22
** 
B +90.86
1978-11-28T01 Ve Pg +217.34
1978-11-29T12
** 
s +111.56
1978-11-29T20 Lu c +247.75
1978-12-01T07 Me xd +258.55
1978-12-01T11 Lu d −18.46
1978-12-01T21 Lu v +277.71
1978-12-02T04 Lu p 0.002431
1978-12-05T05 Me p 0.6783
1978-12-05T08 Me V +253.45
1978-12-05T09 Me c +253.40
1978-12-07T03 Lu xd +353.00
1978-12-08T16
** 
b +110.30
1978-12-09T06 Ve +d −12.67
1978-12-09T12 Ne a 31.27
1978-12-09T17 Ne v +258.03
1978-12-09T23 Ne c +258.04
1978-12-10T21
** 
S +138.38
1978-12-13T03 Ma a 2.402
1978-12-13T19 Ma d −24.26
1978-12-14T00 Lu o +82.16
1978-12-14T20 Lu +d +18.51
1978-12-14T23 Me +d −18.39
1978-12-15T04 Me Pg +245.36
1978-12-18T04 Lu a 0.002712
1978-12-18T16 Sa d +7.99
1978-12-18T20 Lu V +139.96
1978-12-21T11 Lu xa +171.18
1978-12-24T08 Sa Rg +163.94
1978-12-24T13 Me e −21.93
1978-12-25T06
** 
B +95.70
1978-12-28T23 Lu d −18.49
1978-12-29T07 Lu c +277.74
1978-12-30T04 Lu v +290.68
1978-12-30T09 Lu p 0.002399



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